Introduction
• Pigments most costly trade goods since in history
• Gold, rubies, Jade, ebony prized for color qualities
• In many cultures and religions certain colors have special significance
• Associated with different emotions

1. The Phenomenon of Color
• What is Color?
   - Electromagnetic Continuum
   - Visible Spectrum
• Energy and Matter
• The Subtractive World of Matter
   - Subtractive Color
   - Colorspaces
• The False Primaries
   - Root colors - can not be made from other colors
   - Red and blue not primaries
• The True Primaries
   - Yellow, Magenta, Cyan
   - Primaries, Secondaries, Intermediates
• The Additive World
• Visual Mixing
• The Tide of Color Misinformation

2. Color Language
• inexact, vague or misleading color terminology
• Hue
• Value
• Complements
• Analogous Color
• Intermediates
• Saturated versus Neutral (misuse of Chroma)
• Tints and Shades
• Tertiaries

3. Color Printing
• Wood block printing
• Copper Plates
• Commercial Methods
   - Multi-block printing
   - Wood engraving
• Lithography
   - Chromolithography
   - Fake chromolithographs
• Photography
   - Halftone
• Color Photography
• Full Color Printing
   - Trichromate process
   - Color Separation
   - Four Color Process

4. Vision Anatomy
• Different orders of vision in the animal kingdom
   - Earthworms
   - Mollusks
   - Insects
   - Predatory birds
• The Human Eye
   - Cornea
   - Aqueous Humor
   - Iris and Pupil
   - Lens
   - Vitreous Humor
   - Retina
   - Rods
   - Rhodopsin
   - Cones
   - Selective color sensitivity
   - Bipolar Cells
   - Ganglionic Cells
   - Macula
   - Fovea
   - Averted Vision technique
   - Optic Nerve
   - Blind Spot

5. Vision Theory
• Young-Helmholtz Theory
   - Simple, elegant - doesn't explain colorblindness
• Hering's Opponent theory
   - Does not match anatomy or explain color theory
• The Zone Theory
   - Can explain colorblindness
• Colorblindness
   - Protanomaly, Protanopia, Deuteranomaly, Deuteranopia, Tritanopia, Monochromatism
• Unanswered Questions
   - Blind Spot
   - Inverted visual signals
   - Ability to interpret color in varying lighting conditions - Color sensation not in center of retina • The Retinex Theory
   - Does not explain colorblindness
   - Explains other aspects of vision

6. Illusion and Reality
• Universal optical illusions
• Distribution of Cones and Rods
• Anticipated illusions that are real
• Successive Contrast or Afterimage Effect
• Bezold Effect
• Edge Effect
• Luminosity Shifts
• Simultaneous Contrat
• Ambient Light Effects

7. Color and Contrast
• Perception versus Reality
• Focal Point and Hierarchy
• Communication or Fad
• Legibility is a function of contrast
   - Contrast is a function of value
• Value Differential
   - Minimum contrast differential 40%
   - Excellent Contrast Differential 60-100%
• Advantage of reversals
• Color as Value
• Busy Backgrounds
• Widely Varying Backgrounds (gradients)
• Contrast Within Images
• Vanishing and Vibrating
• Contrast of Saturation
• Practical Typographic Application

8. Color Theorists
• Aristotle
• Leonardo da Vinci
• Isaac Newton
• Tobias Mayer & Johann Heinrich Lambert
• Moses Harris
• Phillip Otto Runge
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Michel Eugène Chevreul
• Ewald Hering
• Albert Henry Munsell
• Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald
• C.I.E.
• Alfred Hicketheir
• Josef Albers
• Johannes Itten
• Reasons for Perpetuating False Color Traditions

9. Colorspaces in Print
• Grayscale - Dynamic Range
• Duotone
• CMYK
   - Color Gamut
• Chromatic Deviation in Printing Inks
   - Colorfast versus Fugitive Pigments
• Premixed Inks or Spot Color
   - Getting the most out of Premixed inks
• Hexachrome® Process
• Fluorescent Inks

10. Digital Colorspaces
• RGB
• Web Safe Color
• Lossee versus Lossless Compression
• JPEGs
• Indexed Color
• When to use GIFs or JPEGs
• HLS
• Hexidecimal
• Lab Color

11. Color Families
• Yellow
• Red
• Magenta
• Blue
• Cyan
• Green

12. Color Schemes
• Neutrals
• Accent Colors
• Monochrome Schemes
- Wide Monochromes
• Complementary Schemes
• Triad Schemes
• Double Complements
• Split Complements
• Analogous Schemes
• Wide Anagolous

13. Color, Music and Harmony
• Music and Color
• The Concept of Harmony
• Color Harmony
• "Right" and "Wrong" Color Choices
• Emotional Qualifiers

14. The True Color Star
• Principles
• Personal Taste
• Approaches to Color Selection
• Other Color Selector Methods
• The Purpose of the True-Color Star
• Anatomy of the True-Color Star
• Choosing Your Colors
• Practical Use of the True-Color Star